在我们日常的检查和审计过程中,常常会遇到一些典型的技术要求每个企业做法有差异,我们会收集整理与大家进行共享。今天我们就来看一看,对于隔离器手套完整性测试及频率在主流法规市场,即中国、美国和欧洲的要求,希望能够对大家的日常工作有帮助。
首先,来了解下提出这个主题的背景,2023年在某无菌制剂公司接受检查,其生产产品涉及到中美欧市场,也就是需要满足这几个法规市场要求。在检查过程中,发现该公司对于隔离器手套的检漏管理如下:
公司未额外购入手套检漏仪,手套检漏测试在隔离器保压泄露测试程序中进行。
大家先思考片刻,这样的管理要求,能够满足中美欧的
GMP法规要求吗?
首先,先看看这几个市场的中美欧法规和指南简述。
01 中国法规及指南
1. NMPA 2010 GMP 《附录1》:
第十六条 隔离操作器和隔离用袖管或手套系统应当进行常规监测,包括经常进行必要的检漏试验。
2. NMPA 2023《无菌制剂指南》 P612:
通常隔离器手套至少在每批次生产或生产周期前使用手套检漏仪进行手套完整性测试,在连续生产的批次间通过目测方式进行完整性检查。在一个生产周期结束后再使用手套检漏仪进行检查。
3. 中国药典2020 《9206无菌检查用隔离系统验证和应用指导原则》
4. GB/T 25915.7-2010/ISO 14644-7:2004 《洁净室及相关受控环境第7部分:隔离装置》附录E
此处介绍的压力衰减检测手套检漏方法,这只是多种手套检测方法中的一种。实际工作中,需方与供方可商定其他手套检漏方法...
打开阀门使手套充气。压差计会显示手套内的压力(Pa)。手套充气压力最小500 Pa,最大1000 Pa。可能需要多次充气才能达到要求的稳定压力。观察压差计上的读数 。读数稳定表明手套完好..
以恒力压紧密封板,密切注视压差计的读数。在10 s的观测期内,操作者凭经验就能判断出可能的问题。对有疑问的手套和长手套进行复检时,时间可能要长一些,以便确认检测结果。
使用隔离装置前,应对装置上的所有手套和长手套进行检测。
02 欧美法规与指南
1. EU annex 1, 2022
For isolators, leak testing of the glove system should be performed using a methodology demonstrated to be suitable for the task and criticality. The testing should be performed at defined intervals. Generally, glove integrity testing should be performed at a minimum frequency of the beginning and end of each batch or campaign. Additional glove integrity testing may be necessary depending on the validated campaign length.
对于隔离器,应使用一种被证明适合该任务和关键性的方法进行手套系统的泄漏测试。测试应以规定的时间间隔进行。一般来说,手套完整性测试应至少在每批或每个生产周期的开始和结束进行。根据已验证的生产周期长度,可能需要额外的手套完整性测试。
2. FDA guidance Sterile Drug Products Produced by Aseptic Processing-cGMP, 2004
With every use, gloves should be visually evaluated for any macroscopic physical defect. Physical integrity tests should also be performed routinely. A breach in glove integrity can be of serious consequence.
每次使用前,应当目测检查手套的任何肉眼可见缺陷。还应当常规进行手套的物理完整性测试。手套完整性的损坏会带来严重的后果。
3. USP GENERAL CHAPTER <1208>
Validating that all materials taken into the isolator enclosure are free of microbial contamination is critical, as is periodic inspection of gaskets to detect imperfections that could allow ingress of microorganisms. Gloves and half-suit assemblies are another potential source of microbial contamination. Gloves are of particular concern because they are used to handle both sterility testing materials and test articles.
可能导致污染产生的一个途径是检验用具和待测物品进入隔离器的过程。所以关键是确保所有进入隔离器内部的物品应无菌,且应当定期检查密封圈以确保其完整性,避免微生物进入隔离器。手套和半截式隔离衣是另外一个可能产生污染的来源。应当特别关注手套,因为实验人员戴者手套同时按触无菌检查用具和供试品。
Very small leaks in gloves are difficult to detect until the glove is stretched during use. There are several commercially available glove leak detectors; the operator ensures that the detectors test the glove under conditions as close as possible to actual use conditions. Microbiological tests are used to supplement or substitute physical tests.
手套上如有微小破损很难察觉,只有在使用时拉伸情况下方可体现。在使用商业手套检漏检测仪时,测试人员应确保检测时手套所处条件和实际使用时条件尽可能一致。一般使用微生物检测方法补充或者代替物理检测方法。
4. PDA TR34, 2001
Leak testing on gloves can be done even more frequently than this, depending upon the amount of use the gloves receive. If a user subjects gloves to heavy use that could result in abrasion, puncture or abnormal wear, more frequent leak tests and glove replacements should be considered. The user must also be aware of the effect of their sterilizing agent on the gloves and other components. Some sterilizing agents can cause gloves to become embrittled and prone to cracking.
对手套的测试频率取决于手套的使用次数。如果超负荷的使用手套则可能造成手套的磨损,穿孔或则会穿戴异常,必须对其进行频繁的检测并且要有备用手套进行更换。用户必须要清楚所使用的灭尽药剂对手套和其他部件的影响。有些灭菌药剂能导致手套变脆并且变得很容易破损。
The isolator should be tested against a functional specification for leak tightness via pressure decay. A suitable specification for pressure decay testing is the American Glove Box Society (see Appendix C), which specifies a leak rate of not more than 0.5% of the isolator volume per hour. A pressure decay type test, typically a rather short duration test, may also be conducted prior to initiating decontamination of an isolator. A similar test can be used for isolators operating under negative pressure, in which the pressure rise over a defined time interval is determined to quantify the size of the leak.
隔离器系统需要经过进行降压测试来确定系统的泄露密封功能参数。美国手套箱协会给出了压力衰减测试的合适规范要求,它指出隔离器每小时的池漏率不能超过其本身内部容积的0.5%。测试是个典型的持续时间较短的测试,同样可以在隔离器开始净化之前实施测试。类似的测试可以用于在负压情况下运行的隔离器,在这里可以通过在设定时间段内的压力上升范围来确定泄露的大小。
Pressurize the isolator to its intended normal operating pressure. Seal off all inlets and outlets to the isolator. Record the initial pressure and start time. Wait 1 hour and record the final pressure and time. During the conduct of the test the isolator should be maintained at constant temperature (a temperature change of more than 0.5°C during the course of the test will invalidate the test). It is acceptable to place thermocouples on the exterior of the isolator in the conduct of this test, however the thermocouples must measure surface temperature and be well insulated from the surrounding environment. The total internal volume of the isolator must be known in order to conduct this test.
将隔离器内部压力升高到正常操作水平。封闭隔离器的所有进出口。记录下初始压力和开始时间。在一个小时之后记录下最终压力值和时间。这个过程都是在恒温条件下进行的。在测试过程中可以在隔离器的外面安装一个热电偶,用 于测量表面温度并且要与周围环境隔绝。为了方便控制测试,必须要知道隔离器的内部体积。
5. PDA Point to Consider for the Aseptic Processing of Sterile Pharmaceutical Products in Isolators 2020
· Q4-1: What methods should be used for integrity testing of isolators and gloves?
对于隔离器及手套的完整性测试应该用什么方法?
· Recommendation 建议
Integrity testing of the isolator and gloves should be performed using visual, mechanical, and / or physical methods. Testing should be performed at defined periods — at a minimum, at the beginning and end of each batch or campaign and following any intervention that may affect the integrity of the unit. Interventions that pose a risk to the integrity of the gloves or isolator should be avoided when possible. When they cannot be avoided, the integrity of the gloves should be visually inspected after such interventions.
Pressure decay is confirmed using a fully automated, validated, and calibrated instrument for pre-and post-batch integrity testing and periodic integrity testing. Visual inspection should precede and augment pressure-decay testing.
隔离器和手套的完整性测试应采用目测、机械和/或物理方法进行。检测应在规定的时间内进行—至少在每批或每个生产周期开始和结束,以及在任何可能影响设备完整性的干预措施之后。应尽可能避免对手套或隔离器的完整性构成风险的干预措施。当无法避免时,应在干预后目视检查手套的完整性。
压力衰减使用全自动、经过验证和校准的仪器进行批前和批后完整性测试和定期完整性测试。目视检查应先于压力衰减测试。
6. ISO 14644-7,2004
Inflate the glove by operating the valve. The gauge of the manometer will display the pressure within the glove in pascals. The glove should be inflated to a minimum of 500 Pa and a maximum of 1000 Pa; this may take a number of injections of air to reach the required pressure as the system stabilizes.
通过操作阀门来使手套充气。压力计的压力表将以帕斯卡为单位显示手套内的压力。手套应充气至最小500pa,最大1000pa; 这期间可能需要多次注入空气,以达到系统稳定所需的压力。
根据以上的信息总结如下:
测试频率:
NMPA/US: 根据风险评估确定频率,参考大部分指南,使用(生产每批或者生产周期)前进行测试是最低要求
EU: 使用(每批生产或者生产周期)前后都需要测试
测试要求:
NMPA: 没有明确要求,指南选择参考CHP。
CHP: 在目视检查的基础上,手套、袖套组件采用手套检漏仪或其他经验证的方法进行物理检测,测试方法可参考《洁净室及相关受控环境第7部分:隔离装置》的现行国家标准附录E5
US: 手套检漏仪应尽可能在接近实际使用条件下测试手套。
EU: 使用经证明为合适的方法进行测试
因此,该公司如果需要满足中美欧三个法规市场,那么他们需要考虑使用前和后的检测以及在测试上的要评估“大于2倍隔离器工作压力”的合理性。
截止2023年10月的相关国际法规汇总:
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