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本帖最后由 beiwei5du 于 2018-4-8 12:01 编辑
清洁验证与否取决于什么???我个人觉得应该是基于如下方面.希望大家能够讨论一下,谢谢!@windy @ptq518
A:法规指南层面:
针对于制剂:
(一)在EU volume 4 annex 15 qualification and validation
10.1. Cleaning validation should be performed in order to confirm the effectiveness ofany cleaning procedure for all product contact equipment. Simulating agents maybe used with appropriate scientific justification. Where similar types of equipmentare grouped together, a justification of the specific equipment selected forcleaning validation is expected.
但是需要了解的是这个GMP附录是针对于制剂的,而对于原料药仅仅是一个参考指南,我们可以了解其其原则(This Annex describes the principles of qualification and validation which are applicableto the facilities, equipment, utilities and processes used for the manufacture of medicinalproducts and may also be used as supplementary optional guidance for active substanceswithout introduction of additional requirements to EudraLex, Volume 4, Part II.)
(二)中国GMP总则:
第一百四十三条 清洁方法应当经过验证,证实其清洁的效果,以有效防止污染和交叉污染。清洁验证应当综合考虑设备使用情况、所使用的清洁剂和消毒剂、取样方法和位置以及相应的取样回收率、残留物的性质和限度、残留物检验方法的灵敏度等因素。
针对于原料药:
(一) Q7A,由于EU的part 2基本相同,同时FDA是将Q7A转化为自己的指南的
12.70 Cleaning procedures should normally be validated. In general, cleaning validationshould be directed to situations or process steps where contamination or carryover ofmaterials poses the greatest risk to API quality. For example, in early production itmay be unnecessary to validate equipment cleaning procedures where residues areremoved by subsequent purification steps.
(二) 中国GMP附录2 原料药
清洁操作规程通常应当进行验证。清洁验证一般应当针对污染物、所用物料对原料药质量有最大风险的状况及工艺步骤。
B: 风险考虑层面(决定因素)
风险评估除了决定清洁验证的范围和程度,风险评估是否决定清洁验证与否???
虽然在制剂GMP规定中都是“should”“应该”用词,但是现行的GMP是risk-based GMP,也不一定每个生产中涉及的清洁工艺都必须进行验证。我们这里理解的risk=验证性*可能性*可检测性;
如果制剂中残留物的严重性比较低,发生不合格的几率极低(清洁溶剂为良溶剂,并且是采取的过度清洁的清洁工艺),或者是能检测性比较高(比如设备各处都能目视检查到等等),那么这个清洁工艺是否有必要进行验证呢?
在原料药生产中也存在这种情况,如果产品A中间体到产品B中间体,虽然按照APIC Figure 1: Typical Product Changeover Scenarios,都是按照cleaning level 0或者cleaning level 1处理(即仅仅visual inspection或者结合analyticla verification),但是这个图是一般的通常情况(仅仅是作为参考)。如果在产品B中间体残留的产品A中间体在后续的工艺中无法除去,那么很有可能中间体到中间体需要的清洁方法需要进行验证;同样在同一个产品A中前后不同中间体中切换中或者一个产品A中的同一个中间体的不同操作步骤中,有时也需要考虑到相应的清洁验证。这些都是基于自己对自己工艺的了解。
所以基于风险考虑的清洁验证与否,其实是一个case-by-case的问题,而非一刀切的。
The applicability of cleaning validation should be written into a facility’s Cleaning Validation Master Plan todefine clear situations which require validation, but to permit professional judgment in cases which mayrequire considered reflection.
选自:The Applicability of Cleaning Validation
Question 1: When should a company validate/ revalidate cleaning procedures? When is validation not required?
Advice: Ref. Section 7.0 and 10.0 Companies should look at each situation individually and determine the need for validation. Section 7.0 provides a basic template, which may be used as a starting point in this evaluation. The necessity to revalidate cleaning procedures should be determined under change control parameters - See Section 10.0. If routine verification procedures are used, these should be monitored to ensure that the procedure is in control. Companies should consider a periodic evaluation of cleaning procedures , which are subject to variation (i.e. manual procedures etc.), as an additional precaution to assure that the procedures are still valid.
选自:APIC cleaning validation
C:经济考虑层面
如果在生产批次较多情况下,执行清洁验证,可能相对于清洁确认更加经济;因为执行清洁验证后,非必须每次清洁工艺执行后都需要进行残留检测,但是仍需要规定适当的时间间隔,以检测残留或者其他通用性指标(比如TOC,PH,电导率等),作为清洁验证的continued process verification阶段。
但是不基于这些考虑,是否能允许“清洁确认完全代替清洁验证”仍然是一个疑问???
D:一般原则层面
“If a process can be validated, it should be validated”如果清洁工艺能执行验证,其就应该进行验证(特殊情况比如有临床批次,生产批次较少等等)
选自:Revisiting “Cleaning Verification”
How to Completely Avoid Doing Cleaning Validation
E:客户要求层面
这个是一个与客户协商的过程,一般情况下,客户都倾向于要求生产商对清洁工艺进行验证,以提供防止交叉污染的保证。
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