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发表于 2017-3-29 10:16:37
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Since cross-contamination of the active ingredient from the previous product to the next product isnot an
issue for dedicated equipment, cleaning validation related to the active itself is generally notconsidered a
requirement. The 1993 U.S. FDA cleaning validation guidance states that “When thecleaning process is
used only between batches of the same product (or different lots of the same intermediate in a bulk process)
the firm need only meet a criteria of, “visibly clean” for the equipment.Such between batch cleaning
processes do not require validation”(20). Since “between batches ofthe same product” may refer to
dedicated equipment and/or a campaign between products, it can beinterpreted that cleaning validation is
not required for these scenarios. However, cleaning validationshould be considered for dedicated
equipment if carryover of the cleaning agent or the contributionof bioburden or degradation byproducts to
the next manufactured batch is a concern. In its ComplianceGuidance Manual 7356_002, U.S. FDA
clarified their position by stating that “lack of demonstrationof effectiveness of cleaning” for dedicated
equipment warrants a warning letter (42). It makesgood sense for manufacturers to conduct risk
assessments for all cleaning scenarios to determine theneed for cleaning validation to comply with product
quality (including residues and lot integrity) andregulatory expectations. Principles for determining
acceptance criteria for cleaning agent, bioburden,endotoxin, and degradation products for cleaning
validation of dedicated equipment are essentiallythe same as for nondedicated equipment. It is considered
to be best practice to document effectivenessof a cleaning process for dedicated equipment even if
“visually clean” is the only criteria.
对于专用设备而言,不存在前一产品的活性成分转移至下一个产品中的问题,因此不需要对活性成
分本身进行清洁验证。1993 年美国FDA 清洁验证指南指出, “当清洗过程只用于相同的产品(或不同
批次的同一中间体)时,只需要满足一设备“目视洁净”这一个条件。这样的批间清洗过程不需要进
行验证”(20)。因为“相同的产品批次之间”可能指的是专用设备和/或阶段性生产,可以认为这些生产
方式不需要进行清洁验证。然而,如果清洁剂残留或生物负载或降解副产物影响下一产品质量时,
应考虑进行专用设备的清洁验证。美国FDA 在符合性指导手册7356 _002 中阐明了自己的立场,专
用设备“缺乏清洗的有效性的证明”将导致一封警告信(42)。制造商最好对所有清洁方案进行风
险评估来确定是否需要清洁验证,以符合产品质量(包括残留和批的完整性)和法规监管的期望。专
用设备的清洁剂、生物负载、内毒素、降解产物的可接受标准确定原则基本上与非用设备相同。即
使“目视洁净”是唯一标准,最好还是应记录专用设备清洁工艺的有效性。 |
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