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《药品GMP指南(第2版)厂房设施与设备》中空调净化系统部分,旁征博引,内容详实,值得学习。
学习中发现的一些问题,提出探讨:
问题一:
FDA对药品生产受控环境的基本要求的描述(185页)中,引用了《工业指南——用无菌工艺生产的无菌药品》(2004年10月),来说明FDA对无菌生产的生产环境洁净度等级的规定。
在《工业指南——用无菌工艺生产的无菌药品》中,洁净度级别的描述是Class N(ISO N),如Class 100 (ISO 5)。这里的Class 100(余同)定义引自美国联邦标准FS209E,该标准于2001年11月被美国General Service Administration取消了。
(取消的通知没有找到,但在FDA官网上找到的一个问答文件中有相关描述,见附1)
不知道《工业指南——用无菌工艺生产的无菌药品》(2004年10月)有没有更新的版本,但是引用2004年文件中的描述,来说明FDA对洁净度等级的规定,似乎有些不妥。
事实上,美国对洁净度等级的规定,是引用ISO14644的。无论是在FDA官网上,还是其他一些手册、指南中,洁净度等级都是ISO N或ISO Class N。比如2019 ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications中,医药洁净室的描述,都是ISO Class N。
(摘录了其中一段,见附2)
因此, 185页的相关内容,似乎不严谨。
如上是针对FDA对洁净度等级的规定的质疑与探讨。
附1:
引自:Questions and Answers on Current Good Manufacturing Practice Regulations | Production and Process Controls | FDA
6. Is it generally acceptable from a CGMP perspective for a manufacturer of sterile drug products produced by aseptic processing to rely solely on ISO 14644-1 and ISO 14644-2 when qualifying its facility?
No. It is generally not acceptable from a CGMP perspective for a manufacturer of sterile drug products produced by aseptic processing to rely solely on ISO [International Organization for Standardization] 14644-1 Part 1: Classification of Air Cleanliness (14644-1) and ISO 14644-2 Part 2: Specifications for Testing and Monitoring to Prove Compliance with ISO 14644-1 (14644-2) when qualifying its facility. Rather, a manufacturer of sterile drug products produced by aseptic processing should use these ISO standards in combination with applicable FDA regulations, guidance, and other relevant references to ensure a pharmaceutical facility is under an appropriate state of control. Consequently, appropriate measures augmenting ISO’s recommendations (e.g., with microbiological data) would likely be expected for a firm to meet or exceed CGMP in a pharmaceutical facility.
Please understand that 14644-1 and 14644-2 have superseded Federal Standard 209E, Airborne Particulate Cleanliness Classes in Cleanrooms and Clean Zones (Federal Standard 209E). In November 2001, the U.S. General Services Administration canceled Federal Standard 209E.
Although 14644-1 and 14644-2 are not FDA regulations or FDA guidance, the Agency believes that they are useful in facilitating the international harmonization of industrial air classification for nonviable particle cleanliness in multiple industries (e.g., computer, aerospace, pharmaceutical). As such, FDA adopted these particle cleanliness ratings in the 2004 guidance for industry Sterile Drug Products Produced by Aseptic Processing–Current Good Manufacturing Practice. However, due to the unique aspects of producing sterile drug products by aseptic processing (e.g., microbiological issues), an aseptic processing manufacturer should not rely solely on 14644-1 and 14644-2 when qualifying its facility.
附2:
According to the FDA, 20 ach is usually sufficient for ISO Class 8 rooms; ISO Class 7 and 5 areas require significantly higher air change rates. Facility requirements for terminally sterilized products are not defined.
(page 19.14)
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