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发表于 2024-1-20 22:30:27
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Control of Dissolved Gases – Contact Membrane Degasification
Dissolved gas removal may be required to obtain final conductivity quality. Typically, this consists of either carbon
dioxide (CO2) or ammonia. Refer to Sections 4.10.2 Chloramine(s) Removal and 4.11 Changes in Anion Composition/
Concentration for related discussions. Additionally, refer to Chapter 5 for the removal of CO2 in stills and clean steam
generators.
Degasification is the removal of CO2, which raises the conductivity of the final treated water. The use of caustic
injection to raise pH is a common step upstream of ROs. The process design favors or inhibits the formation of CO2
(see Section 4.10.1). Alternatively, CO2 can be removed down to a concentration of about 5–10 ppm with a contact
membrane degasifier.
A contact membrane degasifier is usually located after the first or second RO pass. The semipermeable membrane
will have a strip gas or a vacuum on the outside of the membrane fibers to draw the dissolved gas from the water and
out to the surrounding atmosphere. Ambient air used as strip gas should be sterile-filtered to avoid contamination.
Care should be taken as to the air quality feed to the membrane because oil and other contaminants in the air can
blind the membrane and render it useless.
The contact degasser negates the need for pH adjustment before the RO. The best position for the degasser
membrane is between the last pass of RO and the CEDI as this will keep the total flow rate through the degasser to a
minimum, reduce the CO2 levels to a minimum before the feed to the CEDI, and reduce fouling of the membrane.
Degasification columns or towers are discouraged as they have serious associated problems. Airborne bacteria,
environmental pollution, dust, pollen, and airborne insects may be brought into contact with the process water.
Advantages: replaces sodium hydroxide dosing with associated instrumentation and control issues; will operate
without maintenance; standard hot water sanitizable units available.
Disadvantages: high initial investment costs, especially for hot water sanitizable models; needs considerable |
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